Kakawihan Barudak Lembang sebagai Bahan Pembelajaran Apresiasi Sastra Pendekatan Struktural dan Etnopedagogik

Abstract

This study aims to examine the potential of kakawihan barudak (traditional Sundanese children's songs) as teaching materials in literary appreciation learning with a structural and ethnopedagogic approach in the Lembang District. This study used a qualitative descriptive method and successfully identified 50 kakawihan that are still alive in the community's oral tradition. Of these, 20 kakawihan were analyzed in depth based on the external structure which includes diction, imagery, concrete words, and purwakanti, as well as the internal structure which includes theme, feeling, tone, and mandate. In addition, ethnopedagogic values such as pengkuh agamana, luhur elmuna, jembar budayana, and rancagé gawéna were also found in the content of the kakawihan. The results of the study indicate that kakawihan are not only aesthetically rich, but also contain character education values and local culture that are relevant for 21st-century learning. Kakawihan barudak has been proven to be able to improve 4C skills (critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, communication) and can be used as a contextual, enjoyable learning medium, and strengthen cultural identity. This study recommends the use of kakawihan in Sundanese literature learning in elementary and secondary schools to enrich local culture-based learning strategies.

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji potensi kakawihan barudak (lagu anak-anak tradisional Sunda) sebagai bahan ajar dalam pembelajaran apresiasi sastra dengan pendekatan struktural dan etnopedagogik di wilayah Kecamatan Lembang.  Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dan berhasil mengidentifikasi lima puluh kakawihan yang masih hidup dalam tradisi lisan masyarakat. Dari jumlah tersebut, dua puluh kakawihan dianalisis secara mendalam berdasarkan struktur lahir yang meliputi diksi, imaji, kata konkret, dan purwakanti, serta struktur batin yang mencakup tema, rasa, nada, dan amanat. Selain itu, nilai-nilai etnopedagogik seperti pengkuh agamana, luhur elmuna, jembar budayana, dan rancagé gawéna juga ditemukan dalam isi kakawihan tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kakawihan tidak hanya kaya secara estetis, tetapi juga memuat nilai-nilai pendidikan karakter dan budaya lokal yang relevan untuk pembelajaran abad ke-21. Kakawihan barudak terbukti mampu meningkatkan keterampilan 4C (critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, communication) dan dapat dijadikan sebagai media pembelajaran yang kontekstual, menyenangkan, serta memperkuat identitas budaya. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan pemanfaatan kakawihan dalam pembelajaran sastra Sunda di sekolah dasar dan menengah untuk memperkaya strategi pembelajaran berbasis budaya lokal.