Analisis Psikologi Humanistik Abraham Maslow pada Tokoh Utama dalam Novel Terjebak Karya Fredy Suni sebagai Usulan Bahan Ajar Sastra Novel Kelas XII

Abstract

This study aims to describe the fulfillment of the hierarchy of needs of the main character in the novel Terjebak by Fredy Suni based on Abraham Maslow's humanistic psychology theory and examine its relevance as a teaching material for novel literature in grade XII of high school. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with reading and note-taking techniques. The primary data is the text of the novel Terjebak, while the secondary data is in the form of supporting literature on literary psychology and Maslow's theory. The analysis was carried out through the stages of data reduction, presentation, and drawing conclusions, and its validity was tested by triangulation of theories and sources. The results of the study show that there are 16 data on fulfillment and 22 data on unfulfillment of Maslow's hierarchy of needs in the main character Aldo. These dynamics describe Aldo's struggle to fulfill physiological needs, security, affection, appreciation, and self-actualization. These dynamics describe Aldo's conflicts and struggles in facing economic pressures while emphasizing the values of education, resilience, and responsibility. This novel is relevant as a teaching material for literature because it is able to foster appreciation, empathy, and motivation in students in facing life's challenges.

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan pemenuhan hierarki kebutuhan tokoh utama dalam novel Terjebak karya Fredy Suni berdasarkan teori psikologi humanistik Abraham Maslow serta menelaah relevansinya sebagai bahan ajar sastra novel di kelas XII SMA. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik baca dan catat. Data primer berupa teks novel Terjebak, sedangkan data sekunder berupa literatur pendukung mengenai psikologi sastra dan teori Maslow. Analisis dilakukan melalui tahap reduksi data, penyajian, dan penarikan kesimpulan, serta diuji keabsahannya dengan triangulasi teori dan sumber. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 16 data keterpenuhan dan 22 data ketidakterpenuhan hierarki kebutuhan Maslow pada tokoh utama Aldo. Dinamika tersebut menggambarkan perjuangan Aldo dalam memenuhi kebutuhan fisiologis, rasa aman, kasih sayang, penghargaan, hingga aktualisasi diri. Dinamika tersebut menggambarkan konflik dan perjuangan Aldo dalam menghadapi tekanan ekonomi sekaligus menekankan nilai pendidikan, ketangguhan, dan tanggung jawab. Novel ini relevan dijadikan bahan ajar sastra karena mampu menumbuhkan apresiasi, empati, serta motivasi siswa dalam menghadapi tantangan hidup.