THEO VAN LEUWEN'S THEORY OF INCLUSION IN CRIMINAL NEWS ON FACEBOOK: A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS

: Recently, there has been an increase in crime, with one of the contributing factors being the increase in household needs. The crimes were eventually made public by some media outlets, including the social media site Facebook, among others. This research aims to attempt to uncover how the criminal's discourse can be expressed succinctly through the use of critical discourse analysis from Theo Van Leeuwen's point of view by employing critical discourse analysis. This research operates qualitative research models in conjunction with content analysis techniques. According to the findings of this study, there are several concepts of sentences, including (1) determination-indetermination, (2) assimilation-individualization, (3) nomination-identification, (4) dissociation, and (5) categorization, among others. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that when releasing criminal news, the author (journalist) still appears partial to the executor or actor by encircling the criminal perpetrators or perpetrators. Some have explained that the news writer did not write the story despite the perpetrator's already known.


INTRODUCTION
Media in the network (online) is one of the online-based mass media to make it easier to report the most up-to-date information on its customers. Information obeyed by online media is more effective and efficient than traditional media because it only requires a device to obtain and read information, intending to ensure that news hunters (readers) receive the most up-to-date news at any time of the day or night (Yufni Faisol et al., 2022). This is not the case because mass media journalists in the network do not have freedom when recording news to be distributed. News in online mass media is frequently discovered in various forms of news exposure on the internet. Furthermore, one of the advantages of using online media is that we can quickly find the types of writing or news we are looking for, such as information related to the title of views, features, and times (Sari et al., 2021). In the current environment, technological developments cannot be contained any longer, and all events are made widely known quickly through the mass media and the internet. This condition allows people to quickly and easily find out about an event over an unspecified period. Suharyano (2016) asserts that every human being has things in touch with and takes notice of when it comes to advancing their life and the social area in which they live. Since the media is a critical component of the network to inform the latest information, it can still establish its identity as an information tool through the internet or electronic devices (Y Faisol et al., 2019). Online mass media also has sections that contain a single piece of information by including a variety of articles that are old and other types of information. As a result, each type of article part has a specific function, such as news articles, billboards, titles, titles, corner articles, etc. As a result, newspapers in the network are also a form of media that effectively disseminates news across the entire population's demographic makeup. Goziyah (2018) explained that discourse is the foundation of language even when it is imperfect and capable of the most complex clauses and sentences in terms of coherence and coherence. Moreover, according to Badara (2012), writing discourse is defined as what the editors have delegated in a journalistic process face of writing containing language and the structure of that writing in terms of media language in the network. In other words, the language of discourse is a complete language approved either orally or in writing by the parties involved . Therefore, the two experts on discourse can state that the discourse includes a unit of language considered complete, high, and largest, both verbally and in writing. The language unit is gradually delegated to the editor, allowing him to become more familiar with the content of the language and its structure, which has met the rules of media language in the network.
According to Febriyanto Indro (2009), a title is the editor's vision of a title that conveys reality or opinion in bringing up the truth. Moreover, according to Barus (2015), a title plan is the most important work in a newspaper from the editorial perspective of a communication event at the time of publication of the article in question. Based on the references provided by some of these experts, it can be concluded that Journal of Pragmatics and Discourse Research https://jurnal.ppjb-sip.org/index.php/jpdr/index Volume 2, Issue 2 2022 : 48 -57, DOI : 10.51817/jpdrv2i2.205 50 the title or title of a plan is the work of online/offline mass media editors who provide media perspectives on an extraordinary event that has occurred in a specific community society. Therefore, to fully appreciate and understand the newspaper in a specific title, the person reading it must first understand the title or editorial plan.
In addition to personal profile information, Facebook also contains news or information about a topic that is economic, political, cultural, or otherwise interesting to discuss in the news, such as crime, which is becoming more prevalent on social networking site with each passing year. Criminal information appears or increases in frequency in newspapers, both online and offline, regularly. As reported in the news, the Karopenmas Mabes Polri of the Indonesian Police, Brig. Gen. Pol Argo Yuwono stated that the crime rate increased by 19.72 percent during the Covid-19 pandemic compared to the period before the pandemic, according to the police. In February 2020, there were 17,411 reported cases.
Meanwhile, there was an increase of 20,845 cases in March, which included crimes (fraud), violations, disturbances, and disasters, among other things. Even though many parties, including the Indonesian Police and online and offline mass media, have participated in the education movement aimed at decreasing the incidence of crime in Indonesia. According to Purwahida (2017) and Purwahida (2018), the crime rate in Indonesia has not been significantly reduced due to these efforts.
Critical readers are readers who, when reading the news, obtain information and attempt to investigate more deeply the content of the news as reported by the media (Rahmat, 2015). In other words, readers are constantly attempting to uncover the truth within the news text and express the media's ideology through a critical discourse analysis approach (AWK). This viewpoint is supported by the suggestion made by Goziyah (2018), who asserts that, although the data used is language, critical discourse analysts not only understand in interlanguage studies but that to obtain linguistic views and sides, the data will be connected into specific contexts and intentions. According to Badara (2012), critical discourse analysis (AWK) is an in-depth analysis that attempts to lift activities, ideologies, and labels that refer to the discourse's language to understand the discourse better. It can be said that the essence of discourse analysis is the ability of an analyst to recognize patterns in a stream associated with the conjunction of power that exists in society. Rather than just dialysis of discourse from the internal and external sides of a language, as seen in the example above.
In the current state of affairs, researchers are delving deeper into the lunge of a journalist who appeared and outlined his actors in a lecture on the subject of criminality that he had written. Could there be allegations of power contained in the news, resulting in marginalized or badly hunted groups being marginalized or badly hunted? Researchers used the terror elicited by Theo Van Leeuwen as a starting point for their investigation. According to Goziyah (2018), the theory of exclusion and inclusion is the most effective technique for identifying social actors hidden within a discursive environment. Each group describes a text by telling it separately, of course, and by using its own words, sentences, and sequences of sentence shapes in the process. The similarity between previous research and this research can be found in the object studied, which is mass media, which is mass media, which is Kompas daily. In contrast, the research conducted now using online mass media (non-print), which is Koridormalutnews.com, is found in the object studied, which is mass media, which is mass media, which is Kompas daily. Except for the inequality of the type of object discovered in previous research, the findings of this research are consistent with the findings of previous researchers. Namely the way of critical discourse analysis (AWK) Theo Van Leeuwen. The exclusion findings are divided into passivation, depreciation, inclusion, differentiation, abstraction, and identification.
Similarly, in this study, researchers used the same method, namely critical discourse analysis (AWK), to investigate the theory of inclusion developed by Theo Van Leeuwen, but with different results, namely the discovery of five inclusion sentences, namely: determination-indetermination, assimilationindividualization or nomination-identification, dissociation, and categorization, among others. The Van Leeuwen's Critical Discourse Analysis Approach. It has been discovered that the acquisition of a discourse strategy consisting of two sentences, namely passivation and nominalization, with the form of inclusion ideology in online media SINDOnews and Fajar has taken place. Furthermore, a strategy of objectification discourse, nomination, identification, determination, indetermination, assimilation, and individualization can be used to achieve these goals. In addition, it was discovered that there were three dissimilarities in the design of exclusion and inclusion in the medium in the network of SINDOnews.com and Fajar.co.id, as well as three dissimilarities in the design of exclusion and inclusion in the medium in the network of SINDOnews.com and Fajar.co.id. This research was carried out by both of them concerning the newspaper industry.

METHOD
The qualitative methods employed in this study are descriptive. The information used in this study was obtained from the social media site Facebook. One of the reasons for Facebook's online media popularity is the overwhelming amount of news coverage of crime in the media. While this research aims to be included in the reporting of criminal cases, the research itself is not the goal. Furthermore, the criminal news that has been obtained is examined from the standpoint of vocabulary development as well as the development of grammatical structures (Tiawati et al., 2022). From November 2021 to December 2021, criminal news is gathered and compiled. Purposive sampling techniques are used to determine whether something is newsworthy. As a result, not all criminal news is investigated, but only news that meets the criteria established in this study is investigated. The information for this research is gathered through the use of libraries. News as research data: it's printed, collected, and labeled, just like any other data set.
Data cards are used to organize and label the information. The qualitative descriptive data assessment techniques used in this study are described below. This method is used to photograph the role of online media facebook in informing criminal cases, as seen through the lens of Theo Van Leeuwen theory, in a Journal of Pragmatics and Discourse Research https://jurnal.ppjb-sip.org/index.php/jpdr/index Volume 2, Issue 2 2022 : 48 -57, DOI : 10.51817/jpdrv2i2.205 53 criminal case. The following stages will be followed when studying data collected through observation: (a) identification and classification of data based on Leeuwen's theory of entry; (b) interpretation of the data that has been studied following Leeuwen's theory; (c) data analysis: note words, phrases, clauses, and sentence patterns that have cohesion alongside research concepts; and (d) concluding the results of the view of the data.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Based on Facebook mass media from November to December 2021, five Leeuwen entry (inclusion) theories were discovered, which are, respectively, 1) assimilation; 2) determinations; 3) indenterminations; 4) individualization; and 5) identifications. Seven sentences containing the concept of Leeuwen inclusion were obtained from the five theories tested. In the following sections, we'll go over the specifics of the concept puzzle in the seven news titles containing the word "criminalization" in the title. This refers to the sentence structure; the sentence can be thought of as a model for putting the concept of determination into action. ASN was mentioned in passing in the news, specifically: "involvement of ASN." The perpetrator in the quotation is an individual alleged to have been involved in the alleged fraud but who is not named explicitly. There was only a passing reference to the perpetrator's involvement with the ASN, with no mention of his actual identity.

Determined or Undecided
There is also a passage in the same title (a) that is the concept of Leeuwen's in determination (inclusion), specifically in the indetermination citation model: "Indrawarman, SH as the president director of CV.
Permata Nusantara must report the CV. Nusatama is considered deliberately negligent to the agreement that has been agreed upon by both parties".
Regarding the quote from sentence (b) above, it serves as a model for the concept of indeterminacy because it contains a reference for fraudsters who are very clear, namely CV. Nusatama, who is suspected of fraudulent activity against CV. Permata Nusantara, and thus serves as an example of indeterminacy.

Assimilation-Individualization
A passage is obtained from the same headline, which also implements Leeuwen's theory of income from the same news title above.
Referring to the news passage in the sentence mentioned above, the sentence is a categorization passage because the passage contains the phrase "mine" which indicates that the passage is about mine. It is the categorization in the sentence that describes the existence of executors who commit fraud, in this case the mining party, namely CV. Permata Nusantara, which is further supported by Septian David's quote from the previous sentence above.
Here is a

CONCLUSION
From the results of the discussion of the findings above, it was concluded that the form of income theory (inclusion) by Leeuwen was obtained in one crime news headline on the online mass media of Facebook November -December 2021, namely: 1) the use of leeuwen's determination-indentermination concept contained in the online mass media facebook november -December 2021 issue which amounted to two sentences, 2) the use of the concept of leeuwen assimilation-individualization contained in the mass media, namely one sentence, 3) the use of the concept of Leeuwen's nomination-identification obtained in the mass media is one sentence, 4) the use of the concept of dissociation contained in the mass media, namely one sentence, and 5) the use of the concept of categorization found in the mass media is one sentence. Referring to the results obtained in the research, it can be concluded that when launching criminal news, thoroughly the author (journalist) still looks partial to the executor or actor by cornering the criminal makers. Some explained that although the perpetrator is known, the news writer does not write (mostly) but is more likely to write the company's name, not the name of the company's owner.
Still, on the other hand, there is recognition from the party considered to own the company.