Representasi Kritik Sosial dalam Novel Rumah di Seribu Ombak Karya Erwin Arnada: Analisis Wacana Kritis Norman Fairclough

Abstract

This study aims to reveal the representation of social criticism in Erwin Arnada's novel “Rumah di Seribu Ombak”. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method through the Critical Discourse Analysis (AWK) approach modeled by Norman Fairclough. The focus of the study lies in three dimensions of discourse meaning, namely experiential, relational, and expressive values, which are analyzed through aspects of vocabulary, grammar, and text structure. Data sources come from quotations in the novel that contain social criticism. Data collection techniques are carried out by reading and taking notes on texts containing elements of social criticism. Meanwhile, the data analysis technique uses Norman Fairclough's discourse analysis model which includes three levels, namely text analysis (vocabulary, grammar, text structure), discourse practice (text production and consumption), and social practice (socio-cultural context). The results of the study show that social criticism in the novel is represented through the choice of vocabulary (synonyms, antonyms, hyponyms), grammatical forms (active, passive, imperative, modality), and text structure (turn-taking, topic control) that contain social values such as poverty, class inequality, subordination, and power domination. Experiential values reflect the social reality of the characters, relational values show social positions in interactions, and expressive values show attitudes and emotions towards social injustice. This study concludes that the novel Rumah di Seribu Ombak is not only a work of fiction, but also a medium of social criticism that depicts the reality of society in depth and gives voice to marginalized groups.

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap representasi kritik sosial dalam novel Rumah di Seribu Ombak karya Erwin Arnada. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif  melalui pendekatan Analisis Wacana Kritis (AWK) model Norman Fairclough. Fokus penelitian terletak pada tiga dimensi makna wacana, yakni nilai eksperensial, relasional, dan ekspresif, yang dianalisis melalui aspek kosakata, gramatika, dan struktur teks. Sumber data berasal dari kutipan-kutipan dalam novel yang mengandung muatan kritik sosial. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik baca dan catat terhadap teks yang mengandung unsur kritik sosial. Sementara itu, teknik analisis data menggunakan model analisis wacana Norman Fairclough yang mencakup tiga tataran, yaitu analisis teks (kosakata, gramatika, struktur teks), praktik wacana (produksi dan konsumsi teks), dan praktik sosial (konteks sosial-budaya). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kritik sosial dalam novel direpresentasikan melalui pilihan kosakata (sinonim, antonim, hiponim), bentuk gramatikal (aktif, pasif, imperatif, modalitas), dan struktur teks (gilir tutur, kontrol topik) yang mengandung nilai-nilai sosial seperti kemiskinan, ketimpangan kelas, subordinasi, dan dominasi kekuasaan. Nilai eksperensial merefleksikan realitas sosial tokoh, nilai relasional menunjukkan posisi sosial dalam interaksi, dan nilai ekspresif memperlihatkan sikap dan emosi terhadap ketidakadilan sosial. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa novel Rumah di Seribu Ombak bukan hanya sebagai karya fiksi, tetapi juga sebagai media kritik sosial yang menggambarkan realitas masyarakat secara mendalam dan menyuarakan suara kelompok marjinal.